Zolai, ong piankhiatna

Thupatna

Joseph Herbert Cope (Cope Topa) in Zomite anungta Pasian thu hong muam ding, Leivui pan hong lamto ding leh Niinphual pan hong domto dingin 1910 November kha ni (1) ni in Tedim hong tung hi. Zomite in Pasian thu sim theih nang leh leitung ah khuasak theih nangin 1913 kum in sim theih ding LAI hong bawlsak-a tu in Kum 100 (1913 – 2013) hong cingta hi. Tua LAI in Zomite’ nisim nuntakna, thu leh la kizopna leh Pasian thu simna in akizang ZOLAI ahihi.

Roman Alphabet mal 20 bek tawh hong bawlsak Zolai in tel baih in, zat nuam a, Leitunga Pau tuamtuamte ahibangin kigelh thei hi. Tulaitak in Kawlgam, India leh Leitung gam tuamtuamte ah Zolai a zang mi Tulza-thum leh, tulsawm-li leh tul-li (344,000) om hi ci-in Leitung Kampau tuamtuamte akancian Ethnologue in naciamteh hi. Zomite in Zolai ihneih manin Leitungah Minam khat in hong kiciamteh-a lungdam leh angtan huai mahmah ahihi.

Zopau hong Kipatkhiatna

Leitung ah Pau nam 7,105 omhi ci-in Linguistic Society of America in ciamteh hi. Hih Pau teng nampi (4): Indo-European (Europe lam), Sino-Tibetan (Asia Lam), Semitic (Arab, Israel, Sehnelgam lam) leh Bantu (Africa lam) cihbangin kikhen hi. Sino-Tibetan sungah Pau nampi 250 om in Tibeto-Burma Pau nam khat in kihel hi. Tibeto-Burma Paunam sungah Pau nam 400 bang om in Zopau nam khat in kihel ahihi. Minam khat a suah theih nadingin Pau neih masak kisam-a tua Pau tawh kizop theih nangin Lai neih hongkul hi.

“Lai” cih kammal Zomite in tanglai hun pekpan ineih ahihi. English in “Script” ahk “Writings”, Sen ten “Jiaoben” ahk “Xin”, Mogolia ten “Bichig”, Tibet ten “Bod yig”, Kawl ten “Sa” cihbangin na nei uhhi. Falam, Khalkha lamte in “Ca” ci-in Kawllai pan alak ahihi. Laibu acih uhciangin “Ca ouk”, Laihuan acih uhciangin “Ca mi puai” cihbangin Lai tawh kisai Kawllai pan tampi na la uhhi. Zopau in Lai aat, Lai-aatpi (General Secretary), Lai-aat lohbu (Blank note book), Laibu, Laidal, Laihuan, Lai hawmpa, Laihawmnu, Lai-ip, Laikung, Lailu, Laimal, Laisiangtho, Laisuangpi (Black board), Laitai, Siktawhlai khetna, Zum Lai-aat cihbangin kuama kiangpan kawmlo in tanglai hunpek pan ineih ahihi. Tanglai a ih Zopau-in bang cidan Pau hilian dinghiam cih kithei cianlianlo hi. Ahizongin Tibet leh Kawl pau siksan Pau nam khat ahihi. Tibet pau leh Zopau etkaakna:

Zopau : Tibet pau

Khat : Chick

Nih : Nih

Thum : Sum

Li : Zhi

Nga : Nga

Mit (eye) : Mit

Na (ill, sick, pain) : Na

Numei, Anu (Female) : Mo

Sa (hot) : Tsha

Sa (meat) : Sha

Nga sa (fish meat) : Nya sha

Si (die) : Shi

Zopau in mitna (eye sore) pen Tibet pau in mitna mah hipah hi. Zopau in mi nga si (five persons die) pen Tibet pau in mi nga shi mah hipah hi. Tua ahihmanin tanglai ih Zopau in Tibet pau tawh kinai-in Tibetgam pan hong piangkhia Pau ahihlam kimu thei hi.

Zomite’ Lai Neih Masakna

I pu i pate Tibetgam pan Kawlzang kizuan in Kawlzang pan Khamtung azuat ding ciangin makai unau nihte apa in Tu leh Ta, Suan leh Paalte zat dingin Lai pua sak hi. A u adingin Savun tungah aat sak in, a nau adingin Guapum tung ah aat sak hi. A nau ahihleh Khamtung ah teng nuamlo in Zanggam ah ciah kik hi. A nau Zanggam a zuat kik zawh kum sauvei hun khat ciangin a u kep Lai teng kawtsak in nisa apho na ah Ui in tuah sak in mukik nawnlo hi (Ui in neksak hidingin ki um mawh hi). Tua hunpan kipan Zomite in Lai nei nawnlo hi kici hi.

Hibangin a mansuah takciangin a u in a nau kiangah “Lai mansuah ka hihmanin Lai hilh dingin Khamtung hong paito in” ci-in vaikhak hi. A nau zong Khamtung hong paito kik in a u te’ Lo khawhnate hong mu hi. Tua ciangin a u tenna Khua a pai ma in Lo sungteng ah hong pai masa hi. A nau in a u’ Lo khawhna Lo sung hong pai masa hi. Tua ni a u Lo kuanlo ahihmanin a nau tawh kimu khalo hi. A nau in a u Lo sungah a ma theih ngeiloh Lo khawhna van zatte, Lo hunna Thaangsiahna, Zusa Vasa matna, Lo tuilakna atuamtuamte a muhciangin hibangin ngaihsun hi “Ka u in hibangin na lamdang a thak atuamtuamte ngaihsun thei, bawl thei ahihciang Lai mangngilh loding hi. Lai ka mansuah acih hang’ hong khemna hiding hi. Kei tungah banglo khat hong bawlnuam hiding hi” ci-in ngaihsun-in a u tawh ki mulo in ciahsuk kik hi.

Hibangin a nau hong paitoh lam a u in tua ni-a Lo kuante’ tung pan thei a, ahizongin Lai ngah kik nawnlo hi. Tua hun akipan Zomite in Lai neilo-in ki omsuak hi, ci-in tangthu ah kiciamteh hi. Nidangin khangluiten Laikung, Laidal cihbang zang nailo in Suangpeek tung, Singpeek tung, Savun tung cihbang ah a zum, a hiam khatpeuh tawh Lai na at uh ahihmanin min dang nei nailo in “Lai aat” naci uhhi. Sanginn-a sang Siate Lai hilhna (black board) pen “Laisuangpi” kici hi. Nidangin Suangpeek tungah Lai ki at ngei ahihna kimu thei hi. Tuhun ciangin Laikung, Siktawhlai khetna, Computer, Laptop cihbang hong omciangin “Lai gelh” , “Lai khen”, “Lai meek”, “Lai copy”, “Lai email” cihbangin kizang hi. Tua ahihmanin nidangin Zomite in Lai nei ngei ihihna hong mu sak hi.

Pau Cin Hau Lai Zatna

Pu Pau Cin Hau Tangthu atomin: 1859 kum December kha in Tedim khua Pu Khan Lian leh Pi Cing Zam te sungpan hong piang hi. Pu Khan Lian in tapa 8 nei in Pu Pau Cin Hau pen a lina, Rev. Hau Go’ pano ahihi. Pu Kam Hau khan sungin Tedim ah teeng in Englandte hong khan ciang Lailui khua ah galtai in na teeng hi. A nungciangin Mualbem khua ah na teeng hi. Aneu tuung akipan kum 15 sung tawntung kumzawnin Khanglui ngeina biak theih khempeuh bia in, thoih theih khempeuh thoih-a dam tuanlo hi. Ni khat alungkia lua in kisiammawh, kicimtakin amah-le-amah kikaplum dingin Thau khat tawh pai khia hi. Khua nawl a tun ciangin Sakhi khat natai dihdih in a kap leh kha pahlian ahihmanin ama kithah nading Thautang om nawn lo in Sakhi khat tawh ciah kik hi.

Tuakhit akipan mangmu zelzel in Pasian in “Van leh Lei a bawl Keimah Pasian hong bia inla damna hong ngen in damna kongpia ding hi” ci hi. Pasian kiang ah damna anget leh dam takpi hi. Midang tampite thunget sak in mitampi in damna ngah hi. Tua hun laitakmah in Tedim ah Nuam Dim akici kamsang numei khat om hi. Pasian in Pi Nuam Dim tung ah “Ka thu a zeek khia dingin Pau Cin Hau ka teel hi” ci-in na gen hi. Tua bangin Pau Cin Hau Biakna hong piang hi. A sawtlo in Khamtung bup ah gamkang bangin hong kizeel hi. A tapa upa pen Pasian tamhsak in Sian Khaw Cin na phauk hi, Zomite sungah Pasian min atamh masa pen ahihi. Kum 1948 December 28 ni in Mualbem ah a leitung nuntakna nusia hi.

Pau Cin Hau Lai hong Piankhiatna: Pau Cin Hau lai in “Zotual Lai” ahk “Laipian Lai” zong kici hi. Kum 1899 in Pasian in Pu Pau Cin Hau Zomite zat ding Lai mangmuhna tawh musak hi. Tawlkhat sung Pasian in hilhin a Mangmuhnate midangte tungah a hilh theih nadingin 1902 kum in sim theih dingin Lai tawh hong bawl hi. Lai hong mukhia ahihmanin “Laipianpa Pau Cin Hau” ci-in kithei hi. Pau Cin Hau Lai in Lim tawh akisim (Logopraphic Script) Lai nam ahihi. Atuungin mal 1053 pha-a abu in bu 6 pha hi. 1931 kum in hong puah pha in Lailung tawh akisim (Alphabetic Script) Lai nam in hong pianga mal 57 pha hi. Mal 57 sung pan mal 37 te Lailung (consonants leh vowels) hi in, mal 20 te Dawngtawi (tone marks) te ahihi. Laidal tung leh Suangpek tung ah gelhin midangte na hilh sawn hi.

Pau Cin Hau Lai Kizatna: Zogam ah Sangmangten Lai hong bawlsak ma in Pau Cin Hau Lai bek kizang hi. Zogam sung bekthamloh Manipur leh Luseigam Zomite‘ tenna dongin kizel man hi. 1917 kum Piantit pai lai in Pau Cin Hau Lai zangin innlamte tawh ki thuza uhhi. Kumpite tungah lungkim lohnate a koh ciangun zong Lai dang theilo ahihmanun Pau Cin Hau Lai mah tawh na gelh uhhi. Sangmangte in Pu Pau Cin Hau kiangah “Kipawl ni in sem khawm ni” ci-in na zol a “Kei a pen, ko gam tawh kituak dinga Pasian hong piak tuam hi-a, no a pen gamdang Biakna hi-a, ko tawh kituak lo hi” ci-in na mang nuamlo hi. 1931 kum in British and Foreign Bible Society in Pau Cin Hau Lai tawh Mualtung Thuhilhna (Mate Laisiangtho alian 5 sung) Dal 500 khen uhhi. Census of India 1931 Volume XI Part (I) laimai 194-195 sungah “Pau Cin Hau Lai” ci-in kikhum hi. Tu hunciangin Laipian (Siangsawn) Pawlpi sung ah kilim zat mahmah hi. Leitung a Sang minthang tampi pan in Lai lam Thuthuuk Kankhiatna (Research) bawlte in Pau Cin Hau Lai nalim kan mahmah uhhi.

Kawllai Kizatna

Sangmangte Zogam ah na hongsep uhciangin Lai lo tawh maban zom theilo ahihmanin Kawllai hilh dingin Karen Siate pawlkhat hong cial uhhi. 1904 kumin Sia Shwe San Khuasak ah koih uhhi. Pasian thu a telmuh theih nadingin nitak in Lai hilhin kum khat a cin ciangin Kawllai a sim thei omta hi. Pu Hau Cin Khup in Tedimah Zum akah ciangin Kawllai sim theite amuh ciangin thupi sa ahihmanin Vuandokpa kiangah Tonzang ah Kawllai hilh ding Sia na ngen pah hi. Vuandokpa in “A Sanginn ding leh Siainn ding na lam inla na zawh ciangin a Sia ding keiman hong vaihawm ning” ci-in na gen hi. Pu Hau Cin Khup in zong Sanginn ding leh Siainn ding lam pah in a zawh ciangin Vuandokpa thei sak pah hi. Vuandokpa leh Rev. Cope kikumin Sia Po Ko paisak in 1905 kum in Tonzang ah Kawllai sang ki hong hi. A hon tuungin Sangnaupang 40 bang pha-in kum bei kuanciangin 70 bang hong phato hi.

Khamtung bup ah Khuasak leh Tonzang ah Sang a om masa pen hong suak hi. Tua hunlai-in Zogam ah Kawllai bek kisin ahihmanin Lai theite in a Laigelhte leh Mualsuangte Kawllai vive tawh na gelh in tudongin muhtheih dingin omlai hi. 1909 kum ciangin Kumpi in Tedim leh Lennakot ah Kumpi Kawllai Primary Sang hong hi. Tua hi in Biakna Sang (3): Khuasak, Tedim, Tonzang tawh akigawmin Sang (5) kinei hi. 1920 kum ciangin Biakna Sang (3): Theizang, Limkhai leh Dolluang ah kihong ahihmanin Zogam ah Primary Sang (7) kinei a Kawllai vive tawh kisin hi. 1923 kum ciangin Khuasak ah Biakna Sang tan (6) ciang kihong hi. 1925 kum akipan Zogam ah Kawllai kiphiat in Zolai sin kipan hi.

Zolai Neihna

Joseph Herbert Cope (Cope Topa) Tangthu atomin: Joseph Herbert Cope 1882 November 21 ni in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA ah suak hi. 1899 kum in Tui kiphum hi. 1904 kum in Pennsylvania University pan B.Sc.(Bachelor of Science) Degree ngah in 1908 ciangin Rochester Theological Seminary pan B.D. (Bachelor of Divinity) ngah a tua kum July 7 ni in Ordination kipia hi. Kum 1908 September 3 ni in Elizabeth Coldwel Smith tawh pumkhat suah kitenna nei hi. Tapa 3 Joseph Howard Cope, Harry Cope leh Appleton Danforth Cope te nei uhhi. 1908 December 21 ni in Khalkha hong tung in Sangmang Carson sih tawh kituak ahihmanin Khalkha ah kum 2 om in 1910 November 1 ni in Tedim hong tung hi.

1913 kum in a masa pen Zolai Simbu hong bawl sak hi. 1919 October kha in Zolai tawh laihawm masapen “Tedim Thukizakna Lai” hong phuankhia a editor sem hi. Kumpi’ sawlna tawh Tedim, Falam, Hakha pau tawh a bawl Laisimbu avekpi in 35 pha a 1923 November kha in kumpi in “Kaisar I Hind” cih pahtawina Ngun Medal pia hi (Kaisar German pau pan hong pai Ukpi cihna hi-in, Hindi leh Urdu pau tawh “Kaisar I Hind” akhiatna in “India gam Ukpi” hi-a England kumpi ukna India gam sunga nasep thupi asemte pahtawi na-a kipia ahihi). 1935 June 10 ni in Colgate University in Honorary Degree Doctor of Divinity (D.D.) pia hi. Zogam simlam Mindat, Kanpetlet lamte’ ading a bawlsan laitak 1938 June 11 ni zingsang nai 5:00 hun in Gilsan leh Khuasik natna tawh Khalkha ah nong nusia in June 12 ni in Rev. A.E. Carson kivuina han kiangah kivui hi. Khamtung gam sunga a om hun khempeuh Kum 25 leh Kha 7 (ni 9,419) ahihi. Akhuan 3 vei ciahin ni 1,345 sawt hi.

Tedim Khuapi pan Taangkam (Pautang) khat hong Piankhiatna: Tedim khua Guite Pu Gui Mang in AD 1550 pawlin sat hi ci-in tangthu ah kiciamteh hi. Ahizongin kiim leh paam pan galten na sim zel ahihmanin kilal san zel, kibeel kik zel hi. 1806 kum pawl ciangin Pu Kam Hau in Lamzaang khua hausa asepna panin Tedim khua ah na teng hi. Inn leh lo kician zong neiman nailo in galten na sim zelzel ahihmanin Lamzaang khua ah ciahkik hi. 1810 kum ciangin Pu Kam Hau (Sukte), Pu Mang Gin (Hatlang), Pu Khoi Lam (Hatzaw), Pu Pau Vum (Sukte), Pu Tel Khaat (Thawmte), Pu Lam Dong (Tawmging), Pu Kam Vial (Bawmkhai), Pu Kim Thuam (Zillom), Pu Pau Am (Samte), Pu Cin Kim (Samte) leh Pu Gen Cin (Lethil) te kipawlin Tedim ah na teng kik uhhi. Gal akici khempeuh na hungzo ahihmanin midangte in Tedim hong bel in a sawtlo in inn 30 hong pha-a Pu Kam Hau in hausapi sem hi.

1848 kum ciangin galvai, savai, thusia, lasia, a om ciangin hoih tak-a ki uk theih nadingin Thukhun hong bawlin tuhun dong mah akizang “Kam Hau Thukhun” (Kam Hau Upadi) ahihi. Tua Thukhunte hangin Zomite sungah khat-le-khat mawh kimaisakna, kilemna, ki itna leh ki pawlkhop theihnate hong om theita hi. Tua ahihmanin Tedim khua pan in Zomite Khuatheih kipatna (civilization) hong piang ahihi.

A sawtlo Tedim khua inn 300 hong pha in hibangin hong teeng khawm uhhi.

Bonuai veng: Tu laitak a galkap tualpi nuai nitumna lam teng hi a Pu Pau Vum leh Teizaang mi pawlkhat teeng uh hi. Galkap Tualpi pen Pu Khua Cin innmun ahihi.

Botung veng: Pu Khua Cin inn tungsiah nitumna lam teng hi a Pu Za Tual leh Teizaang mi pawlkhat teeng uhhi.

Vaiphei veng: Bonuai veng pan a khanglam nisuahna lam teng hi a Vaiphei miteng teeng uhhi.

Sekzaang veng: Sakollam Ngennung lamka panin leilu lam teng hi a Guite miteng teeng uhhi.

Khuangzaang veng: Col. Dal Za Kam inn dungto teng hi a Thahdomiteng teeng uhhi.

Khua tuamtuam mun tuamtuam pan hong bel uh ahihmanin pau leh ham hong ki helzau gawp in asawtlo in tu laitak a ih zat Tedim pau hong piangkhia hi.

Zolai bawlnangin Tedim Tualsuak Pau kizatna: Cope Topa 1910 kum in Tedim hong tun ciangin Sihzang kampau Zomi sungpan Pu Pau Suan leh Pu Thuam Hang te Christian na suak khin uh ahihmanin amau tawh kithuah in Sihzang pau na sin pah hi. A sawtlo in hong siam in Zolai a gelh masakte Sihzang pau in na gelh hi. Zogam Leilu lam ading Lai hong bawlsak taktak ding ciangin Tedim gam sunga pau tuamtuamte sungpan bang pau zang leng mitamin thei kim pen ding, tangzai pen ding cih hong ngaihsun hi.

Tua ahihmanin 1919 kum in Tedim Vuandok Zum ah Tedim gam hausa lianteng kikhawm in gambup ah Sihzang pau zat dingin thu kisung hi. Cope Topa in “Hat Lian Bu” (Jack The Giant Killer) kici Sihzang pau tawh a gelh, laigelhloh dal 20 bang aphading tangthu khat hong simkhia hi. Tua ciangin Thado, Zo (Zou) leh Paihte kampau Zomi tengin Sihzangkam a teltheih loh lamuh hong pulak khia hi. Tua ahihmanin bang pau in Lai bawl ding cih anuai-a bangin hong kikum in hong khensat uhhi.

Tuimui hausa Pu Mang Za Thang in: “Paite pau-in bawl le hang kithei kimlo ding hi. Tedim khuapi sung-a kizang kampau tawh bawl le hang kitel kim pen ding hi” ci-in a gen ciangin Haiciin hausapa Pu Tual Pum in “Tu-a Tuimui hausapa genna pen a man hi” ci-in thukimpih hi.

Hiangzaang hausa Pu Zam Khaw Thawng in: “Ko Thahdo pau in om leh kithei kimlo ding hi. Tedim khuapi a kizang kampau tawh bawl ni” ci-in gen-a Hangken hausa Pu Kam Pum in “Tu-a Hiangzang hausapa gen pen ka thukimpih hi” ci hi.

Saalzang hausa Pu Zaang Khaw Lian in zong: “Ko Zote pau in om leh kua mahin tel kim lo ding hi. Tedim khua akizang pau mah hi leh kitel kim pen ding hi” ci-in agen ciangin Mantuang beh Phaitu hausapa Pu Khan Thawng in “Saalzang hausapa gen pen man hi” ci-in thukimpih hi.

A tung-a bangin hausa lian 6 te in agenna uh hausa leh upa akihel khempeuh in zong thukimpih hi. Mipite in lungkimna aneih khituh ciangin Cope Topa in kipsak-a tua hun akipan Tedim khuapi-a kizang “Tedim khuapi Tualsuak Pau” tawh Lai hong bawl sak ahihi.

Zolai Khantohna

1913 kumin Cope Topa in “Tual Lai Sintawmna Bu” cih Laibu khat hong bawlsak in, tua pen Zolai akigelhcilna ahihi. 1914 kumin Sihzang Pau-a kitei La dawng 24 apha hongbawl in Zomite in Labu ihneih masak pen ahihi. 1915 kumin Zolai tawh sim theihdingin Mate Laisiangtho honggelh sak hi. 1918 kumin La dawng 100 apha Zolai tawh hong suak hi. 1919 October kha in Zolai tawh laihawm masapen “Tedim Thukizakna Lai” (The Chin Hills News) hong hawmkhia a, Cope Topa in editor sem hi. Tua laihawm sungah “Tedim mite laisim thei tampen ahih manin Tedim pau in kibawl hi”, ci in na gelh hi. 1923 kum ciangin La dawng 283 apha Zolai mahtawh hong suak leuleu hi. 1924 kum ciangin Tanbul (Primary) sang khempeuh ah Zolai tawh sin sak ding kithukim hi.

1925 kum akipan Cope Topa hong bawlsak Zolai Tan 4 ciang Primary Sang tengah sin kipan hi. 1926 kum in Sangte ah sin dingin Zolai tawh Leitung thu leh Gamthu (Geography) hong bawlsak in, 1927 kum leh 1931 kum ciangin tua Laibute mah hong puahphat sak kik hi. 1932 kum ciangin Zolai tawh sim theihding Laisiangtho Thuciam Thak buppi hong tei sak hi. 1977 kum ciangin Laisiangtho Buppi (Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak) Zolai tawh sim theih dingin kinei a Sangmangte gah mah ahihi. Cope Topa in Biakna sunga zat dingin biakna Laibu, Lai Siangtho bu, Labu cihte hong bawlsak banah Sangah sin dingin Gamthu bu (Geography), Nate’ thubu (Science), Ganan bu (Mathamatics) leh Laisimbu tuamtuamte zong hong bawlsak lai hi.

1914 kum-a kibawl Labu neihmasak pen sunga Doxology anuai-a bang ahihi:

Thu pha khem piu hawng pia To Pa, Le tung mi hing a min phat ta,

Van tung mi zong in To Pa Pi, Jesu, Kha Shiang Tho min phat hi.

1915 kum-a kibawl Mate Laisiangtho 4:1-3

“A tu ciang in a doi mang pa je et ding in a Kha Shiang Tho in Jesu gam lak a a pai pi hi. Ni sawm li le’ zan sawm li an ngawla a nung ciang in a gil hawng kiel hi. A je et pa in hawng nai a, Nang ma in Pashian ta pa n’ hi le’ hi shuang te kho mun n’ shuawk sak in a ci hi.”

1923 kum-a kigelh Lungdamna Zawhang Laisiangtho 3:22, 28

“Tu a nung ciang-in Zheishu in a nungzhui-te tawh Zhuda gam-ah pai uh leh tua san tak-ah amaute tawh a om khawm a tui shung-ah a phum uh hi. 3:28 Keimah in, Khazhih kah hih kei hi, Khazhih mai-ah hong pai sak pa kah hi, ken ka ci hi.”

Zopau Zolai kemcing ni

Leitung ah Pau nam 7000 val a om sungpan Kaal 3 sim (every three week) in Pau nam (1) ta beimang hi kici hi. SIL International in agenna ah tulaitakin Kawlgam ah Pau nam 117 om in tua sung pan nam (5): Anong (kachin pau nam khat), Hpon (Kachin pau nam khat mah), Taman (Khamti, Homalin, Sagaing Division), Pali (a pau kizang nawnlo a Lai bek ki zang lai) leh Wewaw (Kayin pau) hiteng a pau mi om nawnlo hi kici hi. Tu zawh kum za khat ciangin Kawlgam ah Pau nam 50 bek kipau lai dinghi kici hi.

Tulaitak in Chin State (Zogam) sung ah Pau nam 31 om hi. Tu zawh kum 50 ciangin Pau nam 15 bek pha ding hi. Pawlkhat mangthang ding-a tua a mangthang dingte: Khongso (Paletwa), Bawm (Chin State, Mizoram, Tripura), Tuiship (Kanpalet, Paletwa), Ta-aw (Paletwa), Kaang (Mindat), Lautu (Matupi, Thantlang), Mro-khimi (Paletwa), Rawngtu (Mindat), Senthang (Khalkha, Thantlang, Gangaw, Kalay), Songlai (Paletwa), Tawr (Khalkha), Thaiphum (Matupi) cihbangte ahihi. UNESCO in a genna panin India gam-a om Pau tuamtuam a bei thei ding 196 sung panin 103 pen a bei hak nawn lo dingte hi ci hi.

Pau bangci bei thei hiam?: (1) Tu leh tate in zang nawnlo, nu leh pa te in tate ei pau siamsak zolo, hilh lo. (2) Khangthakte in zat ding maizum pih, daihpih ngamlo, a sawtna ciang pau thei nawnlo. (3) Ei Lai tawh laigelh lo-in midangte Lai tawh gelh, Lai kigelh a om loh ciang‘ sim ding zong omlo pah. Gtn. in Khasi (India gam Maghalaya State sunga om minam) te in a gamah Khasi pau sang‘in Kala pau leh English pau zangzawta ahihmanin a Pau uh sawt zang nawnlo dingin kimu uhhi. Chin State (Zogam) ah Lautu kampaute Thangtlang Myone leh Matupi Myone te ah khua 17 om-a amau pau sangin Khalkha pau leh Kawlpau lim zatzaw ahihmanin asawtlo in abei thei dingin ki ciamteh hi.

Zomite ki-en lehang i pau sawt i len zo lai ding hiam? Lungngaih huai kasa hi. Kawlgam (Mandalay, Yangon, Gunkhawm khangsiah ) ah khangthakte in Kawlpau bek zang ta hi. Zopau pau sunsun le-uh Kawlpau tawh helh in pau melmel ta uhhi. Mizogam ah nu leh pate in ei pau zang lai liamliam in, tate in Mizo pau bek zang hi. Min gelh ciangin anungah Lusei min gelh danin ..a leh ..i vive kizang ta hi. America, Asia, Australia, Europe, Nitumna gamte ah khangthak Zomite in ei pau zang nawn lo in, nu leh pate bek in zang lai hi. Tate tawh ei pau in ki ho thei nawn lo hi. Tate khangah ei pau kizang nawn lo ding cih theihsa ahihi. I Pau bei leh i Lai zong abei ding ahihi.

Tua ahihmanin Zomite in i Pau leh i Lai a bei lohna dingin bangci leng kemcing thei ding i hiam, cih lim takin ngaihsut huai hi. A hi theizah in i tate ei pau tawh hopih in siamsak sawm ding. Pawlpi leh kipawlna tuamtuamte in khangthakte adingin Zopau, Zolai leh Zongeina sinna neihzawh ciat nang hanciam ding. Zolai, Zopau tawh Laibu, Media, Journal atam theithei nei-in thapia-a i panpih ciat ding deih huai kasa hi. Zopau Zolai kemcing ni.

A kaikhawm: 

Paul Thangpi 

(Pau Pian Thang) Offenbach, Germany

Ekkaak laibute:

1) Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th 2013 Edition by Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons and Charles D. Fennig, Published by SIL International, Dallas, Texas, USA

2) Gin Hau Pum Sia, “Rev. Dr. Joseph Herbert Cope (1882 – 1938)” Posted on Phuitong Liim, posted by Dr. Hau Za Cin on March 1, 2009

3) G.K. Nang Rev. Dr., Article: “Beginning of Christianity in Mizoram and Chin Hills”

4) G.K. Nang Rev. Dr., Article: “Pau a bei thei thu hi”, posted on Tongsan News Journal, 2009

5) Gin Sian Pau Sia, Article: “Cope Topa Nuntakzia Tomki” Posted on Tonsan International Media Website

6) Kam Khua Mang Pu, “Khamtunggam Tangthu le ki ukna thu”, Sukte Chronicle III pp. 19-20.

7) Khen Za Sian Rev. Dr., Article: “Tedim Pau Icih”

8) Khoi Lam Thang Rev., Article: “Tedim Kam”

9) L. B. Naylor, A Practical Handbook of the Chin Language, pp. 46-47.

10) List of Languages, Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia

11) Luan Za Cing Pi, “Khamtung ah Lai le Sang i neih hun”, Sukte Chronicle IX, pp. 35-38.

12) Stephen Hre Kio Rev. Dr., Presentation: “Concerns on Chin Language” posted on Youtube

13) Tawmging Beh Khang Tangthu Laibu: 1st Edition Published 1973,p. 37.

AD 1900-1980 Zomi khang tangthu kanna

AD 1900-1980 Zomi khang tangthu kanna 1/2

  

Theih loh a pha mawh i taangthuAD 1900 MALAM KHANGTHU ATOM A KANNAIBC-2000 Hih hun lai-in ih pu ih pate Tibeto-Burman dangte tawh Sen gam, malsak lam Kansu khum, Lanchou khawpi kiang, Tao lui gei tengah teng dingin ki ummawh hi.

BC-1027-256 Sengamah Jo (Zo) vaihawm lai BC- 221-207 Sengamah Chin vaihawm (Chin Empire) laiBC-4 Kachin leh Zomite piankhiatna ih pu ih pate’ Kung-han Ch’iang’ (Chi-ang hiang khat)te, Sengam Szechean kiimah teng uh hi.

BC-1 Mekhong leh Yangtze luinak lamah teng uh hi. Pyu te’n kawlgamah Sri Ksetra khuapi saat. Zomi te’n Payayi khua na sat uh hi.

AD 4 Zomite in Dangka (Taka) na na nei khin dingin ki ummawh hi.

AD 6 Chindwin zanggam tengah na na teng uh hi.

- 108 Pagan (Pugam) Popa (Pupa) mual kiimah teng uh a, (Dahpa, Penglam’ te’ hun lai ahi hi.

- 600 Pyute Kawlmi suak; Kanyante ranyante Fakhine- mi suak; thet mite Chin (Zomi) Suak hi.

- 750 Zomite Minbu, Thayat, Aunglan (Myede)

- 1044 Zomite in Kabaw valley tung. Khampat khuat na sat uh (Khampat pen Zomite’ sat hi ding hi: Khampat khua in zang leh kham kipehna, kham kipatna ahih manin khampat a kici hi ding hi. Mualtung gam genna Kham a kici pen Zomite bek in ki nei hi: Hih kuam tengah hun sawtpi ki teng hi.

- 1084 Anawrahta in Sukte zo-in Kumpi lian masa na suak1200-50 Kyansittha zi Kumpinu Thambula (Zomi) ahi hi.

- 1254 I pu ih pa te’n Khampat khua-ah mawng (bung) kung khat na suan uh a, tu dongin muh theih dingin Khampat khua nawlah omlai hi.

- 1250-1300 Narathihapate zi Kumpinu Saw ( Zomi) ahi hi.

- 1355 Khamtung tung; Ciimnuai khua sat. Eimau’ sunga makaite-Songthu, Songza, Songkip, ahi uh hi.

- 1364 Leng Tong Hoih Ava mangpa’ zi, Zo minam hiang khat Maring’ mite Manipur gam tung dingin ki ummawh a, Vangteh (Amin masa Khumnuai) kisat ta kha ding hi.

- 1370 -AD Zomite Chindwin gunpang phaizangah Shante tawh teeng khawmin, Sagaing, Monywa, Dipeyin, Yinmarbin, Mintaingpin, Pale, Gangaw, Pauk, Htilin, Htilin, Ngape-ah teengin, Sibani khua-ah Zo Tualsong 15’ sang tu dong muh theih dingin om lai 1400 Khawhkhen, Kawlpi (Rajagya-Yesayo) tung 1450-700 Hih hunin Zo minam pawlkhatte Tripura gam tung dingin ki-ummawh hi. (Halam, Hrangkhawl, Darlong Kaipeng etc)Lushei Lentang leh Ciau kikal-ah na teng uh1400-1500 Thang Ho leh Lian Do; Cing Khup leh Ngam Bawm; Gal Ngam leh Hangsaite Ciimnuai, Geeltui-ah na teng uh hi.

- 1500 1250-1900: Eimau beh Hausa, khuasat leh Ukpite makai-in ku-uk Lai kinei lo-in khang thu kiciaptehna om theilo;

- 1570 Zosuan ‘Anal’ te Manipur tung dingin ki ummawh 1600 Guite Pu Gui Mang in Tedim khua na sat hi;1700 Lushei leh Paite mi te’n Ciau na kan ta uh hi.

- 1720-1730 Alaungpaya kumpipa in Khamtung galkap la-in Syrian gam na sim hi.1750-850 Thado-Kuki te Manipur gam tung khin uh hi; Biate mite in tua a Chachar mun tung khin dingin ki ummawh hi.

- 1775 Lai mite Mizo gam tung khin dingin ki ummawh hi1777 Lushei mi te’n zawlbuk sawm nei dingin kipan khin1800 Khamtung mite in Chittagong sim uh:

- 1813 Zahau leh Khuangli tawh kipawlin Kam Hau in Thahdo gam la-in uk, Taisunte (Falam ) in Lophei sim, Taisunte in Khuasak sim uh. Zahau leh Khuangli kisim, taisunte in Mualnuam sim. Hualngo leh sukte kisim uh hi.

- 1820 Rev. Adoniram Judson Kawlgam hong tung hi. Amah pen kawlgam Missionary masa pen hi.

- 1830-850 Hatlang Pu Mang Gin (Mangkua) Tedimah teng. Tedim gam sunga Hausa thahat leh minthang kuate in: Tedim – Mang Gin -HatlangVangteh – Pum Go – GuiteDimpi – El Thuam – NaulakSaizang – Vung Vial – HatzawKalzang – Sung Hang Thangnuai – Mang Sum – ThawmteKhuasak – Mat Tuang – GalphuakThuklai – Suan Thuk – SumniangLimkhai – Neih Tuang 1856 Tedim khuapi kiphut kik, Kam Hau in Mualbem pan Tedim zuan hi. Hausa Pu Kam Hau, Galvan- Pu Mang Gin, Thuzek- Pu Khoi Lam, Meitei galpi na zo uh hi.

- 1856-1859 Kam Hau leh Za Hau kikopin Manipur na uk uh hi.1857 Sim leh mal kido hun ahi hi. 

- 1862 (Mizoram in)Tedim sim dingin Meitei galkap 1500 ong kuan suk uh, Meitei in lel, Zomi leh Meitei kido a khatveina hi.

- 1871 Mautam’ kial khatveina hong tung.

- 1872 Guite Innpipa Go Khaw Thang Meitei te’n man, 1872 in Phaipi thong inn sungah si hi.

- 1876 Vai Khan Khatveina, (Mangkang galkapte Lushei gamah a khatveina lut uh hi)1884 Guite innpipa Pu Sum Kam leh Meitei Lengmangpa te’n kilemna bawl, Guite mi 2000 khawng in Lamka gam hong tung uh.

- 1886 Aksi kiat kum ( 3-11-18841887 Mangkang te’n Zogam ( Chin hills) sim kipan1888 Capt. Raikes makaihna tawh mangkang galkapte Kawlpi tung, Vai khan nih veina, Mangkangte lushei gam lut nihveina ciah kik nawnlo uh hi.

- 1889 Capt. Raikes in Zogamah Mawtaw lamsial ding ngen, Zomite’n phal lo, Oct 17, 1929 sungin Zomite in Mangkangte 12 that, 122 hing mat, thau lawng 4 leh la 4 man khawm uh, Sihzang Kale gam sim uh. Taisun leh Sukte kipawlin Kawlzang sim. Kam Hau leh Sukte kipawlin Kangyi sim. Sihzang in Mangkang lambawlte suam. Zokhua, Khalkha, Sukte kipawlin Kumpi na do sawm uh, Taisun mi 1000 in Sihaung sim. Capt. George White in khamtung mite do nadingin India galkap Battalion khat leh Assam kooli 2000 ngenin na ngah hi.

- 1890 January 23 ni-in Sir Gorge White, General Faunce, Major Raikes thuamvum ong tung, Zogam do dingin kuan. Feb 4 ni-in Khuasak la, Feb 13 ni-in Saizang la, May 4 ni-in siallum kulhah kikap, Mangkang bu 3 leh galkap 83 si, Surgeon khat in V.C ngahTua ciangin Tedim hong kap leuleu-in Tedim a hawmin la hi. Mangkangte 120 si-in 70 liam. Tedim mi inn 300 Tonzangah tai uh; Inn teng halsak Thangmual pen “Fort white” kici hi. Mizoram sim lam panin “The expediton 1889 lut” Haksatna thuak lo-in Lunglei luak, kulh bawl uh:

- 1891 Sept. in Tonzangah kikap, kilemna bawl. Upa teng tawh man (Photo) kila uh, Upate’n theilo-in thausa-in lau uh hi. Oct kha sungin Pu Khaw Cin si, A Sanggampa’ tapa Hau Cin Khup in Khua Cin’ za luah, Hau Cin Khup, Thang Khan Pau, Gin Za Thangte Yangon kipai pih, Mang Kang kumpi in Mizoram a uk kipat 25, 9, 1890 ni-in pasal hangsan Khuang Chera leh Ngul Bawka tlawng lui gei-ah mangkang te’n kap lum uh:1892 Thantlang la ding kuanin kido uh Rs. 5000 gaam.

- 1893 Jan 27, 1929 Zomi nam teng gam khatah koih kik nading ngaihsun’ Chin-Lushei Conference’ Fort William, Culculta-ah kibawl hi.April kha-in Thantlang la zo, Oct ni 9 ni-in Pumva leh Thuklai kikalah Myo-ok na suam uh, kap lum, mi thum bek suak ta, Mangkang te’n ni suah na lam Zogam bup nuaisiah zo.

- 1894 Zogamah thau khempeuh kikhawm, lawng 7000 pha. Kaptel la, Oct. kha-in ukpi 49 Rangoonah ki paipih. Khuapi teng sikkhau kizom 1894-95 1.11.1894 ni-in Rev. F.W. Savidge le Rev. F.H. Lorrain-te Mizogam tun hi. (Khristian Missionary masa pen). Mizo lai – A, AW, B, kipan. Jan-Feb. sung B.S. Carey in Cin hills leh Manipur gamgi bawl, Cin hills khen thum kisuah- Tedim, Falam, Halkha1895 Mikang kumpi in Falamah Political officer koih. Falam leh Halka-ah Sikkhau-to, Thonginn, Zato inn, leh Sumkepna (Treasury) kibawl. Carey leh Tuck in The Chin hills bu gelh. Zogam pan siah (Leiman) Rs.17,572 kingah. Carey leh Ukpite kilemna bawlin gam khensakin, Kam Hau uk khua -167, Sukte uk – khua 20 leh Sihzang uk khua – 16 suah hi. Manipur Khristian missionary masa pen Rev. W. Pettigrew (Ukhul khua-ah).

- 1895 Mikang kumpi in Falamah Political officer koih. Falam leh Halka-ah Sikkhau-to, Thonginn, Zato inn, leh Sumkepna (Treasury) kibawl. Carey leh Tuck in The Chin hills bu gelh. Zogam pan siah (Leiman) Rs.17,572 kingah. Carey leh Ukpite kilemna bawlin gam khensakin, Kam Hau’ uk khua -167, Sukte uk – khua 201896 September) Kawlgam’ gamkhen khat (province) in Mikang kumpite’n Zogam hong ciapteh sakin Kawlgam tawh hong gawm. Mizo Laibu neih kipat kum. 

- 21-8-1895 Lusei pau tawh Thukhunthak Luka laibu kinei. Sim leh Mal-a kikhen Lushai hills pen kigawm hi.

- 1898 Chin Hills Regulation Act kibawl. Hih Thukhun tawh tu huna Chin State, Mizoram, Manipur singtanggam teng uk. Ukpi hong piang:Tedim gamah Pu Hau Cin KhupLumbanggamah Pu Hrul MungFalam gamah Pu Thang Tin LianHaka gamah Pu Kio MangTaichun khua-ah Pu Con BikMatu/Mindat gamah Vumthumaung Chief Commissoner Sir Frederick Frayer Tedim, Falam, Khalkha hawh. Mizo biakinn masa pen kipan. Kawlgam (Chin hills) leh manipur gamgi kikhung hi.

- 1899 (2-4-1898) Mizoramah Sangin kipan. Mizo pau-in Thuciamthak – Luka leh John kizo. Mangkang ukna deih lo-in Zomi makaite’n Mangkangte langpanna bawl. Mikangte in Zomi makaite bawlsia.Pu Thuam Thawng (thong sungah si)Pu Kai Tuah khantawn thong hinapi Thuam Thawngte pata a sih ciangin kisuakta sak a Kaptel pan Zampi khua 1909 kumin na sat hi. Pu Taang Pau Dal (thong sungah si)Pu Ngul Bul (Mangkang te’n that)1900 Chin hills-ah Christian Biakna tung; Missionaary masa pen Rev. A.E. Carsonte nupa, March 15 ni-in Halkha tung. Pu Pau Cin Hau phuat Laipian Biakna leh Zomite’ Lai neih cilna.Zomite Laisin kipatna, Biakna thak neihna. Pa Pau Cin Hau in Maang mu. Mr. B.S. Carey in ukpi teng tawh kilemna bawlin sialngawng ban. Hau Cin Khup Ukpi-in kikoih. Mizoram, Mimbung khua-ah Guite Innpipa Kam Za Mang a phat mahmah lai tak hi-in, Aizawl DC leh Tedim pan Mikang ulian Dickman ten Mimbungah pha uh hi. Lushai hills leh Chin hills gamgi kikipsak hi.

 

    

AD 1900-1980 Zomi khang tangthu (2/2)

  

- 1901 Lushai hills Census masa pen; mihing 82,434 omin Paite pau zang 2,870 om hi.

- 1904 Dr. E.H. East-te nupa Khalkha tung. Zomite palik tum cilna; Zo palik kiphuan. Sila kiphiat. Zogamah Kawllai sang kiphuan. Thuam Hang leh Pau Suan tui kiphum. Lushai hills L.P. School Exam masak pen. Khristian biakna ngeina siangtho-a kiteeng masa pen Hrangsaipuia leh Saimanliani.

- 1906 Lushai hills-ah Sunday School Exam neih masak pen.

- 1907 Zogam bup Tuiphum Pawlpi khoppi masa pen Haka-ah kizang. Zomi (Chin hills) Pastor masa pen Thuam Hang. Manipur State Durbar kipan.

- 1910 Rev. Joseph Herbert Copte-te nupa Tedim tung. Cope topa in Tedim, Falam laimal bawl. Dr. J.H. Woodin-te nupa Khalkha tung. Pau Cin Hau Pawl “Laipian’ kipan. Chin hills-ah Sila kibeisak, Khua gamgi kibawl. (May 7) Dr. Peter Fraser & Waatkin Robert. Manipur simah Khristian missionary-te lut kipatna, Senvon khua-ah kiphual. Lushai hills Presbeterian Pawlpi khoppi masak pen. Aizawl Bazal kipan.

- 1911 Chin hills Census; Tedim uk (Tonzang tawh) sungah mi 30,000 om. Lushai hills Census; Mihing 98,406 om in, Paite suan 10,460 om.

- 1913 Tedim pan Upper Chindwin District Civil Police-ah mi sawm-le-nga kitumsak. Zogamah Alu, Kawltu, Singno leh a tuamtuam ciin sin kipan. Thaangah Sumbuk kibawl. Falam Technical School pan Leisek bawl kisin.

- 1914 Leitung Galpi khatna kipan, Tedimah Thukizakna kiphuan.

- 1914 Manipur gam Sinzawl khua-ah Manipur State Durbar Vice-President Aizawl gam Suprintendent leh Tedim gam Asst. superintendent-te gamgi thu kikumna nei. Muizawl khua, Pau khen in siah a piaknop loh manin Falam gamah lal dingin kisawl. Zomite police dinga sin uh, hoih tuaksa-in lak beh ding kivaihawm. Haka gamah nupa amau leh amau a kithat om.

- 1915 Tedim Pau tawh Lungdamna Matthai bu kikhen.

- 1915-16 Halhka gamah Zusa laangin kial tung. Mizo pau tawh Thuciamthak bupi kizo.

- 1917 Piancit paina leh Galpi masa. CHIN LABOUR CORPSGerman gal piang. may 25 ni-in Piantit (France) gam pai ding mi 1000 Tedim pan ding khia. Piantit paite London hawh. Labour corps, France-ah Ukpiapa Hau Cin Khup in mi tampi paisak zo ahih manin Mikang kumpi in minphatna KSM pia. Mi tampi Kawlpi zanggamah lal.

- 1918 Leitung Galpi khatna ve’ng ta. Piantit pai nuamlo Thahdo leh Khalkha in kumpi do. Oct. kha-in Piantit paite tung kik; 21 si, Piantit gamah kiphum.

- 1918 Tedimah military Police platoon 3, Haka ah 3, leh kawlpi-ah 3 kikoih. Tedim Labour Corp panin mi guk in minphatna namsau ngah.

- 1919 Mikang kumpi, Thahdo leh Khalkhate Hau Cin Khup in lem, kilemsak. Zogam tawh kisai thute kikum dingin 1920 May kha-in Maymyo ah kikhopna om. Assam gam tangin Lushai hills Suprintendent pai. Chin hills-ah Sangnaupang -1,712 pha. Hau Cin khup in a tapa Pum Za Mang huhna tawh vai hoih taka a hawm manin thauka (Revolver) kumpi in pia. Labour Corps-ah a nasepna a hoih manin Hlur Hmung in minphatna A.T.M ngah.

- 1920 Paltan tumcilna. Halka pau tawh Lungdamna Thu leh Sawltakte Tangthu kikhen. Kawlgamah suahtakna deihna khang. Paite pau tawh Khritian la neih kipan.

- 1921 Chin hills Census, Tedim uk (Tonzang tawh) sungah inn 5045 leh Mihing 36,048 om. Zogamah ann hoih lo ahih manin, Lusei gamah mi tampi tak Lal, India kumpi in 4/70th Chin Rifile bawl ding phasa. Falamah Educational Conference om a; Kawl lai pen Zolai tawh laih ding thukim. Zopau tawh thukizakna khat kikhen.

- 1921 Kawlgamah Paltan (Galkap) kiphuan. Vial Nang Ordination kipia; Chin hills-ah masa pen.

- 1922 Chin hills-ah kampau a tuamtuam tawh lai a kihilh manin haksatna tampi om hi. Lai sim nading kampau khat tel a, Roman script tawh laisim bu a bawl dingin kumpi in committee phuan. Lophei Hausa Khup Lian in minphatna thau leh laipi(Certificate) khat ngah.

- 1923 Zomi 300,000 sung panin 2,351 in lai sim thei. Zomite lai pillo hi lo-in a kah kim zolo hi zaw hi.

- 1925 Zolai kisin ta. Kawllai kiphiat Zolai kiphuan. Dr C.U. Strait-te nupa khamtung gam tung’ Roman Catholic Biakna Mizogamah lut.

- 1928 Chin hills-ah Chin National Union party kiphuan.

- 1930 Lamka khua, Phungkhothang Guite leh Zenhang Valte ten sat. Lushai hills-ah hanmual neih kipan.

- 1931 Pa Pau Cin Hau lai tawh Mualtung thuhilhna kikhen. Hau Za Cin Pau in Matric zo, Chin hills pan a zo masa pen.

- 1932 Tedim pau tawh Thuciam Thak kikhen.

- 1933 Zomite politics lungsim neih kipan. Chin Unity Organization kiphuankhia. CUO in Ramgoon-a Mikang kumpi tungah deihna nam kua a nei memorandum khia.

- 1935 Falam High School kiphuan. Young Lushai Association (1947 pan Young Mizo Association, kici kik) kiphut hi.

- 1937 Mikang kumpi in Kawlgam leh Vaigam gamgi khung in, Zogam phel nih suak. Leitung Galpi nihna kipan.

- 1938 June-11 ni: Dr. Cope Khalkha-ah si. U Shiah Lwe in B.A zo, Chin hills-ah a masa pen. Lam Za Hang (Tedim) in Mawtaw nei, Chin hills-ah a masa pen. Mikang a do Zomi makai Pu Suang Khaw Kam, Magwe khuapi-ah si.

- 1939 Rev. F.O. Nelson-te nupa Tedim tung. CUO makai teng kiman, thongah khum.

- 1940 Paite pau tawh Laisiangthou bumal masak pen – Tanchinhoih Johan, Rev. Nengzachin in tei hi. Halkha pau tawh Thuciam Thak kikhen.

- 1942 August: Japan te’n Zogam leitang tung. Japan galkap 75,000 Kalgam lut. Kawlgam galkap 402,300 India-ah tai. Chin Army kiphuan. Leisan mualah thau zang lo-in temtawng tawh kido, Japante 150 liam, tampi si. Chin hills-ah Mikang huhna tawh Japan gal a nang dingin CHIN LEVY kiphuan. Japan huhna tawh Mikangte do dingin CHIN DEFENCE ARMY (CDA) kiphut. Paite pau tawh Khristian Labu neih kipan.

- 1943 Tedim, Halkha, Falam Japan in la.

- 1944 March: Japante Moirang tung, Imphal gal muh. Feb. Mar. Apr. sungin Arakan gamah Japante 5000 kithat. Sukte Independent Army (SIA) kiphuan. Japante nungkik, 50,000 val si.

- 1945 Galpi Nihan vengh. UNO kiphuan. R. Tuang Hmung in Chin Rural and Education Uplift Society phuan.

- 1946 Rev. R.G. Johnson-te nupa Khalkha tung. S.T. Hau Go in M.A (Madras) zo; Chin hills pan a masa pen. Khamtung Suahtak Vaihawm Pawlpi party kiphuan. makai: Pu Thang Kho Kai, Pu Song Theu, Pu Thang Za Kai, Pu Lang Khaw Thang. Thuhoih Vaihawm Pawlpi party kiphuan. Makaite — Pu Vungh Za Kham, Pu Hau Za Lian, Pu Tuah Langh. Kawlmi te’n suahtakna lak a sawmna tawh kituaka khamtungmite kalsuan dan ding a vaan dingin Zomi, Shan, Kachin te’n The Supreme Council of The United Hill People (SCOUHP) cih kipawlna bawl. Kawlmi makai Aung San in suahtakna ngen dingin England gam zin. Mualtung mite thukimna keng lo ahih manin tangtung zo lo. Lushai hills-a political party masa pen Mizo Union kiphut hi.

- 1947 Chin-Burma Unity Pillar, Htilin khua-ah kiphut. Panglong Conference-ah Kawlmite tawh suahtakna la kawm dingin thukimna khutpimai meekna kibawl; Chin hills taangin Pu Thawng Za Khup, Pu Hrul Mung leh Pu Kio Mangte pai. Kawlgamah Constituent Assembly kiteelna kibawl; KSVP pan Pu Mang Tung Nung leh CNU pan Pu Vumthumaungte kihel. Gen. Aung San makaihna tawh Kawlgam Constitution Drafting Committee kibawl; Zomite tangin Pu Mang Tung Nung leh Pu Savut kihel. Tedimah High School kiphuan. THUKITUAHNA cih thukizakna kipan. Zo Education Board kiphuan. Tedimah Lai Siangtho Sang kiphuan. R. Tuang Hmung in Falam Chin hills D.C. seem. Siamsinpawlpi (SSPP) January 13 ni-in Suangpi khua-ah kiphut. President mapa pen Dr. Liankham Samte. Mizoramah Kawlgam tawh kigawm a ut pawl – United Mizo Freedom Organisation (UMFO) kiphut hi. Manipur State Hill Peoples (Administration) Regulation Act kibawl.

- 1948 January4: Kawlgam in suahtakna ngah. Kawlgam in suahtakna ngahin, Chin Special Division in Union of Burma-ah State tawh a kizakim phialin thuneihna nei. ZBC sungah TBA, FBA, HBA kiphuan. Zo zum (Chin Affair Council) Rangoon-ah kiphuan. Hill Chin Students’ Union Rangoonah kiphuan. Zogam ukpi te’n mipi’ deihna zui-in ukpi za nusia uh. January 22: Kawlgam Prime Minister zum thukikupna-ah Pu Mang Tung Nung in, Zogam sunga Chin Hill Regulation Acts thukhun zui-a ki-ukna tawh kisai, mipi’ deihna kan ding a kisapna thu sung. 1948 kum : February 5: Hih thukhun zuia ukpi ki-ukna, mipi’ngaihsutna a kan ding committee kibawl. Capt. Mang Tung Nung in CHIN PEOPLE’S FREEDOM LEAGUE (CPFL) phut. Mizoramah political party masa pen Mizo Union kiphut hi.

- 1949 June 27: Paite National Council, Tangnuam khua-ah kiphut. President masa pen Pu T. Thangkhai. Manipur, Indian Union tawh kigawm.

- 1950 Lushai hills-ah Paite Federation kiphut. CBCNEI(Council of Baptist Churches in North East India) kiphuan. Sia S.T. Hau Go in MRE, Colgate Rochester Theological College, USA pan zo. Paite pau tawh Thukhun Thak leh Sam bu, Rev .Nengzachin in tei zo.

- 1951 Falam pau tawh Thuciam Thak kikhen. K.T.P. (Khristian Thalai pawl) kiphut.

- 1952 ZBC (Zomi Baptist Convention) kiphuan. LUNGVAKNA cih thukizakna kiphuan. Hill Chin Students’ Union Magazine kikhen. Mizo District Council kipan.

- 1953 Falam Theological School kiphuan. April 1: Aizawl leh Lunglei Mawtaw Lampi kihong. March 3: Lamka-ah Young Paite Association (YPA) kiphut. President masa pen Pu T. Vungsiam.

- 1954 C.K. Taikwel in M.Sc. (USA) zo, Chin hills pan masa pen. Lushai Hills pen Mizo District ci-in kikhek hi. Mizoramah sila kiphiat hi.

- 1955 VumKhaw Hau in Ambassador ngah. Khamtungmi masa pen.

- 1956 Manipur Villages Authority in the Hill Area Act kibawl.

- 1957 CNU leh CPFL kigawmin CHIN NATIONAL ORGANISATION (CNO) ci; Capt. Mang Tung Nung in President len.

- 1958 BCM (Baptist church of Manipur) kiphuan. Sia Kam Khaw Thang in B. Th. zo. Chin Liberation Army, Pu Tun kho Pum Baite in phut.

- 1960 Dr. Cope Golden Jubilee Tedimah kizang. Churachanpur Baptist Association Kiphuan. May 30: PNC President Pu T. Goukhenpau leh Secretary Pu S. Vung Khomte makaihna tawh India Prime Minister Pu Pandit Jawaharal Nehru kiangah ‘Re-unification of Chin People of India and Burma under one country’ cih thulu zangin Zo minam khempeuh ading District hiam, Division hiam, Region hiam khat bawlsak a, tua sungah gawmkhawm dingin ngetna memorandum khia. Manipur Land revenue & Land Reform Act kibawl.

- 1961 Mizoramah Congress party leh Mizo National Front (MNF) kiphut hi.

1962 Chin Affair Council pen Chin Supreme Council ciin kikhak. Kawlgamah Socialist Kumpi kiphuan. Mizoramah Paite National Council (PNC) Pu Khan Cin makaihna tawh kiphut hi.

- 1963 Aizawl-a Electric zat kipan. December 11: India Kumpi in Manipur, Paite mite ‘Scheduled Tribe’ lakah guang.

- 1964 Mizo District MLA bye-election-ah MNF leh PNC pangkhawm. Khritian Thukizakna (EBC, Manipur) kipan. Kawlgamah ANTI-COMMUNIST FREEDOM ORGANISATION (ACFO) pawl kiphut in, Lt. Col. Son Khaw Pau, Pu Dam Khaw Hau, Pu Mang Khan Pau, Pu Hrang Nawl, Pu Son Cin Lian leh Pu Tual Zen ten makaih hi. ACFO pawl pen Manipur-a Zomi makai Tun Khaw Pum tawh kikopin, Zo Kumpi – UNITED CHIN GOVERNMENT pawl phuan uh hi. Pu Tun Khaw Pum pen Prime Minister, Pu Col. Son Khaw Pau pen Defense Minister, Pu Hrang Nawl pen Foreign Minister.

- 1965 PNC HQ in Sialkaltang, Paite Regional Council ngetna memorandum kumpi tungah khia. Mizo District, Deputy Commissioner Pu K. Saigal IAS in Sialkaltang dung pha. MNF in India kumpi tungah Independent ngetna memorandum tun. Tedim & Tonzang uk sungah inn 10,649 leh mihing 84,553 om.

- 1966 March 1: MNF in Mizoram Independent puangin Mizoram buai kipan. Kumpi in Mikang missionary-te om a phal nawn loh manin Missionary-te ciah. Paite Regional Council ngetna tawh kisai-in PNC leh Pataskar Commission-te Aizawlah kiho. Chin National Organisation pen Zomi National Front ci-in kikhek.

- 1968 Dawt Sung in M.A. zo; Chin hills pan numei masa pen.

- 1969 UNITED CHIN GOVERNMENT makai Col. Son Khaw Pau, Pu Hrang Nawl, Pu Dam Khaw Hau, Pu Ro Thangte kimanin Kawlgam kumpi tungah ki-ap. Pu John Mang Tlingte makaihna tawh CHIN DEMOCRACY PARTY (CDP) kiphut.

- 1970 Paite pau tawh Laisiangthou buppi kizo.

- 1971 Manipur Hill Area District Council Act kibawl.

- 1972 Mizoram in U.T (Union Territory) ngah. Manipur in State ngah. January 21: Manipur, Daizang khua-ah Zomi National Congres (ZNC) kiphut. President masa pen Pu T. Gougin leh Secretary Pu S. Thangkhangin Ngaihte.

- 1973 Evangelical Convention Church (ECC) Lamka, kipan.

- 1974 January 3: Chin Hills in Chin State ngah. Dr. Vum Khaw Hau in Ph.D. ngah. Chin State-ah biakna lam khanlawhna tung.

- 1975 Zolai kum 50 cin’na pawi Tlangnuamah kizang. Zolai kum 50 cin’na Magazine kikhen. Mizoram-ah People’s Conference Party (Tun MPC) piang.

- 1976 LUNGDAMNA AW kiphuan.

- 1977 Tedim Lai Siangtho kizo. Kawlgam galkapte leh CNA (Khaimulen)te Vangteh leh Saizang kiim tengah nakpi takin kikap. CNA-te mi 60 Vangteh khua, Mah-Sah-Lah (Burma Socialist Programme Party) thuneite kiangah ki-surendar, kikaplum veve. Mi 46, Kalemyo Jail-ah kipuak. mi 4 liam.

- 1980 April 10: Teikhang khua-ah Paite nam makaite kikaikhawmin, Mizoram Paite Organisation (MPO) kipawlna phut. Pu Thangzakap, President masa pen.

- 1903 Missionary School masa pen Haka-ah kiphuan. Paite Sintungbu Vialphung Tombing & Rev. David E Jones. ten bawl. Tedimah Tan 4 Sang kiphuan.